所謂直線導(dǎo)軌就是只用于運(yùn)輸?shù)能壍?。常見的直線導(dǎo)軌有鐵路、電梯的運(yùn)行槽、工廠生產(chǎn)車間用于運(yùn)輸?shù)牟鄣赖?，直線導(dǎo)軌不像柴米油鹽醬醋茶一樣天天的出現(xiàn)在我們的生活當(dāng)中，但是對于我們整個國民生產(chǎn)、生活活動都起著關(guān)重要的作用。在選購直線導(dǎo)軌的時候都希望能夠挑到比較好的，那么怎么確定什么樣的直線導(dǎo)軌恰到好處？

The so-called linear guide rail is a track that is only used for transportation. Common linear guides include running grooves for railways and elevators, and grooves used for transportation in factory production workshops. Unlike firewood, rice, oil, salt, soy sauce, vinegar, and tea, linear guides do not appear in our daily lives. However, they play a crucial role in the production and daily activities of our entire nation. When choosing a linear guide rail, we all hope to find a better one, so how do we determine which type of linear guide rail is just right?

1、承重力高

1. High load-bearing capacity

無論所選購的直線導(dǎo)軌是用于運(yùn)輸什么物品，承重力比較高的直線導(dǎo)軌無疑是比較好的。因?yàn)槌兄亓Ρ容^高的直線導(dǎo)軌，在所傳送的物品重量方面限制沒有那么多，就不會因?yàn)橐粫r的疏忽大意或者是一些必要的運(yùn)輸情況下導(dǎo)致直線導(dǎo)軌的損壞。承重力比較高的直線導(dǎo)軌使用壽命也會大大的高于承重力比較低的直線導(dǎo)軌。

No matter what item is being transported with the selected linear guide rail, a linear guide rail with high load-bearing capacity is undoubtedly better. Due to the relatively high load-bearing capacity of the linear guide rail, there are not as many restrictions on the weight of the transported items, so it will not be damaged due to momentary negligence or necessary transportation situations. The service life of linear guides with high load-bearing capacity will also be significantly higher than that of linear guides with low load-bearing capacity.

2、容易保養(yǎng)

2. Easy to maintain

就像花無百日紅，直線導(dǎo)軌也不可能永遠(yuǎn)保持初的使用效果，想要延長直線導(dǎo)軌的使用壽命，平時是要定時的做保養(yǎng)的，通常是需要對直線導(dǎo)軌加一些潤滑油，增加直線導(dǎo)軌的潤滑度，減少摩擦，從而延長直線導(dǎo)軌的使用壽命，有一些材料的直線導(dǎo)軌是無法加潤滑油的，在保養(yǎng)方面也比較麻煩。

Just like a hundred days without a hundred red flowers, linear guides cannot always maintain their initial use effect. To extend the service life of linear guides, regular maintenance is necessary. Usually, it is necessary to add some lubricating oil to the linear guide to increase its lubrication, reduce friction, and thus extend its service life. Some materials of linear guides cannot be lubricated, and maintenance is also quite troublesome.

3、做工精致

3. Exquisite workmanship

在挑選直線導(dǎo)軌的時候，做工精致的直線導(dǎo)軌也是比較好的，因?yàn)樽龉ぞ戮驮谶\(yùn)輸?shù)倪^程中會大大的減少物品和直線導(dǎo)軌之間的摩擦，從而延長直線導(dǎo)軌的使用壽命，還能夠避免不必要的意外，比如物品在運(yùn)輸過程中卡頓。

When selecting a linear guide rail, a finely crafted linear guide rail is also better, because exquisite workmanship greatly reduces the friction between the item and the linear guide rail during transportation, thereby extending the service life of the linear guide rail and avoiding unnecessary accidents, such as items getting stuck during transportation.

總之，直線導(dǎo)軌在我們的日常生產(chǎn)和生活中扮演著重要的角色，在挑選直線導(dǎo)軌的時候好是挑選承重力比較高的，比較好做保養(yǎng)的，而且做工比較精致的直線導(dǎo)軌。

In short, linear guides play an important role in our daily production and life. When selecting linear guides, it is better to choose ones with high load-bearing capacity, easy maintenance, and exquisite workmanship.

滾珠絲桿的選型步驟：

Selection steps for ball screw:

1、以負(fù)載確定直徑。電機(jī)性能參數(shù)中有輸出扭矩，如果還帶減速器也要算進(jìn)去（考慮效率），計算一下實(shí)際工況中需要多大推力，滾珠絲桿樣本（跟廠家要）有負(fù)載參數(shù)（即推力參數(shù)，一般標(biāo)示為動負(fù)荷和靜負(fù)荷，看前者即可），選擇滾珠絲桿的公稱直徑。

1. Determine the diameter based on the load. The output torque is included in the motor performance parameters, and if a reducer is also included (considering efficiency), calculate how much thrust is required in actual working conditions. The ball screw sample (to be consulted with the manufacturer) has load parameters (i.e. thrust parameters, usually marked as dynamic load and static load, the former is sufficient), and select the nominal diameter of the ball screw.

2、以馬達(dá)的直線速度和旋轉(zhuǎn)速度確定滾珠絲桿導(dǎo)程。電機(jī)確定了就知道輸出轉(zhuǎn)速，考慮一下你需要的大直線速度，把電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速（如果帶減速器再除以減速比）乘以絲桿導(dǎo)程的值就是直線速度，該值大于需要值即可。

2. Determine the lead of the ball screw based on the linear speed and rotational speed of the motor. Once the motor is determined, the output speed is known. Consider the maximum linear speed you need. Multiply the motor speed (if equipped with a reducer, then divide by the reduction ratio) by the lead of the screw to obtain the linear speed, which is greater than the required value.

3、以實(shí)際需要確定確定滾珠絲桿長度（總長=工作行程+螺母長度+余量+安裝長度+連接長度+余量。如果增加了防護(hù)，比如護(hù)套，需要把護(hù)套的伸縮比值（一般是1：8，即護(hù)套的大伸長量除以8）考慮進(jìn)去。

3. Determine the length of the ball screw according to actual needs (total length=working stroke+nut length+safety margin+installation length+connection length+margin). If protection is added, such as a protective sheath, the expansion ratio of the sheath (usually 1:8, that is, the large elongation of the sheath divided by 8) needs to be taken into account.

4、以實(shí)際需要確定滾珠絲桿精度。一般機(jī)械選C7即可，數(shù)控機(jī)床類選C5的比較多（對應(yīng)國內(nèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一般是P5~P4和P4~P3級，具體參看樣本）。

4. Determine the accuracy of the ball screw according to actual needs. Generally, C7 is sufficient for mechanical selection, while C5 is more commonly used for CNC machine tools (corresponding to domestic standards generally ranging from P5 to P4 and P4 to P3 levels, please refer to the sample for details).

5、以安裝條件和尺寸結(jié)構(gòu)等確定滾珠絲桿螺母形式（螺母有很多結(jié)構(gòu)，不同的螺母結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸略有不同，視情況選擇，建議不要選太特殊的，萬一出點(diǎn)毛病維修換件無門）。

5. Determine the form of the ball screw nut based on installation conditions and size structure (nuts have many structures, and different nut structures have slightly different sizes. Choose according to the situation, and it is recommended not to choose too special ones, in case of any problems, repair or replacement parts without doors).

6、詢問所選產(chǎn)品廠家的、付款條件和交貨時間。這一點(diǎn)設(shè)計人員不要以為就是采購的事，事實(shí)上很多廠家（進(jìn)口國產(chǎn)一個樣）的產(chǎn)品樣本上有的型號它根本就不生產(chǎn)或者不接小額訂單，印上去大概是為了顯示我是大廠，無所不能造。別等你選完了出完圖了其他件按這個型號開始做配件了去購買的時候人家告訴你這個型號交貨期需要3、4個月就完蛋了。

6. Inquire about the price, payment terms, and delivery time of the selected product manufacturer. Designers should not assume that this is just a matter of procurement. In fact, many manufacturers (one sample imported from China) do not produce or accept small orders for certain models on their product samples. Printing them is probably to show that I am a large factory and can make anything. Don't wait until you finish selecting and drawing other parts, and start making accessories based on this model. When you make a purchase, they will tell you that the delivery time for this model will take 3-4 months and it will be over.

7、選擇確定安裝方式（端部）。這個安裝件可以自己設(shè)計，也可以買現(xiàn)成的，有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)安裝座可選。自己設(shè)計注意受力狀態(tài)，軸承好選擇7000系列的，因?yàn)榻z桿工作時主要受軸向力，徑向受力要盡力避免。

7. Choose to determine the installation method (end). This installation component can be designed by oneself or purchased ready-made, with a standard mounting base available for selection. Design yourself and pay attention to the stress state. It is recommended to choose bearings from the 7000 series, as the screw is mainly subjected to axial force during operation, and radial force should be avoided as much as possible.

8、考慮導(dǎo)向件和安裝能力。和滾珠絲桿配套的導(dǎo)向件選擇滾珠直線導(dǎo)軌，當(dāng)然直線軸和直線軸承的搭配是相對經(jīng)濟(jì)的選擇。

8. Consider guide components and installation capabilities. It is recommended to choose a ball linear guide rail as the guide component that matches the ball screw. Of course, the combination of linear shaft and linear bearing is a relatively economical choice.

9、根據(jù)以上已確定條件繪出滾珠絲桿圖紙（主要是端部安裝尺寸，這個要詳細(xì)，要提供形位尺寸和公差）。

9. Draw a drawing of the ball screw based on the determined conditions above (mainly the end installation dimensions, which should be detailed and provide geometric dimensions and tolerances).