氣蝕：

Cavitation:

直線軸承的氣蝕是固體表面與液體接觸并作相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)所產(chǎn)生的表面損傷形式。當(dāng)潤滑油在油膜低壓區(qū)時(shí)，油中會(huì)形成氣泡，氣泡運(yùn)動(dòng)到高壓區(qū)后，在壓力作用下氣泡潰滅，在潰滅的瞬間產(chǎn)生極大的沖擊力和高的溫度，固體表面在這沖擊力的反復(fù)作用下，材料發(fā)生疲勞脫落，使摩擦表面出現(xiàn)小凹坑，進(jìn)而發(fā)展成海綿狀傷痕。重載、高速，且載荷和速度變化較大的滑動(dòng)軸承中，常發(fā)生氣蝕。

Cavitation in linear bearings is a form of surface damage that occurs when a solid surface comes into contact with a liquid and undergoes relative motion. When lubricating oil is in the low-pressure area of the oil film, bubbles will form in the oil. After the bubbles move to the high-pressure area, they will collapse under pressure, producing a great impact force and high temperature at the moment of collapse. Under the repeated action of this impact force, the solid surface will experience fatigue detachment, causing small pits on the friction surface, which will develop into sponge like scars. In sliding bearings with heavy loads, high speeds, and significant changes in load and speed, cavitation often occurs.

流體侵蝕：

Fluid erosion:

直線軸承的流體侵蝕是指流體激烈地沖擊固體表面會(huì)造成流體侵蝕，使固體表面上出現(xiàn)點(diǎn)狀傷痕，這種損傷的表面較光滑。

The fluid erosion of linear bearings refers to the fluid erosion caused by intense impact on the solid surface, resulting in point like scars on the solid surface. The surface of such damage is relatively smooth.

電侵蝕：

Electroerosion:

直線軸承的電侵蝕是指由于電機(jī)或電器漏電，在直線軸承摩擦表面間產(chǎn)生電火花，在摩擦表面上造成點(diǎn)狀傷痕，其特征是損傷往復(fù)出現(xiàn)在較硬的軸頸表面上。

The electrical erosion of linear bearings refers to the generation of electric sparks between the friction surfaces of linear bearings due to electric motor or electrical leakage, causing point like scars on the friction surface. Its characteristic is that the damage occurs repeatedly on the harder surface of the shaft neck.

要想預(yù)測(cè)直線軸承的疲勞壽命，判斷剩余壽命，就需了解所有的軸承疲勞破壞現(xiàn)象，為此將花費(fèi)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。然而，由于滾動(dòng)疲勞是在接觸點(diǎn)的壓應(yīng)力下發(fā)生的疲勞，要達(dá)到破損將發(fā)生極大的材料變化。因此，除了表面出現(xiàn)早期裂紋、滾道遭受化學(xué)影響、裂紋的擴(kuò)展先于材料變化的情況外，檢測(cè)材料變化就可能判斷直線軸承的疲勞度。

To predict the fatigue life of linear bearings and determine the remaining life, it is necessary to understand all bearing fatigue failure phenomena, which will take a long time. However, as rolling fatigue occurs under compressive stress at the contact point, significant material changes will occur to achieve damage. Therefore, in addition to early surface cracks, chemical effects on the raceway, and cracks propagating before material changes, detecting material changes may determine the fatigue of linear bearings.