絲杠導(dǎo)軌為核心傳動(dòng)部件，直接影響設(shè)備精度和穩(wěn)定性

　　The screw guide rail is the core transmission component, which directly affects the accuracy and stability of the equipment

　　滾珠絲杠是將旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換成線性運(yùn)動(dòng)的理想傳動(dòng)裝置，主要由絲杠軸、螺母、滾 珠以及循環(huán)部件組成。絲杠軸、螺母和端蓋 (一類滾珠循環(huán)部件，此處以“端蓋式循環(huán)” 為例解釋滾珠絲杠傳動(dòng)原理) 上都制有圓弧形螺旋槽，將它們套裝在一起時(shí)，這些槽對(duì) 合起來(lái)就形成了螺旋通道，滾珠能夠在通道內(nèi)循環(huán)滾動(dòng)。當(dāng)絲杠相對(duì)于螺母旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，滾 珠在滾道內(nèi)自轉(zhuǎn)，同時(shí)又在封閉的滾道內(nèi)循環(huán)運(yùn)動(dòng)，使絲杠和螺母相對(duì)產(chǎn)生軸向運(yùn)動(dòng)。 滾珠絲杠主要可分為內(nèi)循環(huán)和外循環(huán)兩大類，外循環(huán)中又可再分為端部導(dǎo)流、管循 環(huán)和端蓋式。外循環(huán)式滾珠絲杠運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)，部分滾珠與絲杠不接觸，其優(yōu)點(diǎn)為工藝簡(jiǎn)單且 易于制造，而缺點(diǎn)為效率較低；內(nèi)循環(huán)式滾珠絲杠運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)，滾珠始終與絲杠接觸，適用 于高速高敏高剛度場(chǎng)景，但缺點(diǎn)為加工困難。

　　Ball screw is an ideal transmission device that converts rotational motion into linear motion, mainly composed of a screw shaft, nut, ball, and circulating components. The screw shaft, nut, and end cap (a type of ball screw circulation component, here taking the "end cap circulation" as an example to explain the principle of ball screw transmission) are all made with circular arc-shaped spiral grooves. When they are fitted together, these grooves match to form a spiral channel, and the ball can circulate and roll in the channel. When the screw rotates relative to the nut, the ball rotates on its own in the raceway, while also circulating in the closed raceway, causing axial motion between the screw and nut. Ball screws can be mainly divided into two categories: internal circulation and external circulation. External circulation can be further divided into end guide, tube circulation, and end cap type. When the external circulation ball screw moves, some of the balls do not come into contact with the screw, which has the advantages of simple process and easy manufacturing, but the disadvantage is low efficiency; When the internal circulation ball screw moves, the ball is always in contact with the screw, which is suitable for high-speed, high-sensitivity, and high stiffness scenarios, but the disadvantage is that it is difficult to process.

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